What Is A Router And How Does It Work?
A router is a physical or virtual device that connects two or more packet-switched networks or subnetworks.
Every business and SOHO (Small Office/Home Office) needs an internet connection to work effectively. However, connecting multiple devices in the work environment requires a device that streamlines connection—the router.
Routers are often overlooked, even though they are essential for our internet connections. They work behind the scenes to make our work easier and enable us to use the internet for online activities like browsing and streaming.
Whether you are setting up your first SOHO or just curious about the technology powering your connectivity, this guide will provide you with a clear and comprehensive understanding of how routers work.
What does a Router do?
Think of a router as a dispatcher. It connects different devices to a network and directs traffic from one location to another.
To simplify it, routers manage traffic between networks by forwarding data packets to their intended IP addresses and allowing multiple devices to use the same internet connection.
It differs from a modem since modems only connect your business to internet access via your Internet Service Provider (ISP). Routers manage and direct network data by utilising packets with different information—such as files, communications, and basic transmissions like web interactions. They determine the best paths to send information, ensuring seamless communication and internet connectivity for all devices.
Most routers pass data between LANs (Local Area Networks) and WANs (Wide Area Networks).
How do Routers Work?
Internet Protocol (IP)
A router works using the Internet Protocol (IP), a set of rules that govern how data is transmitted across the internet. When a device on your network sends data, it is broken down into small packets, which are then sent to the router.
Receiving Data Packets
Data sent over a network is first broken into small chunks called packets. Each packet contains part of the data and routing information, such as the destination address. The router receives data packets from connected devices and, using routing tables and protocols determines the best path for each packet to reach its destination. Once the path is determined, the router forwards the packet to the appropriate network segment or device.
Examines IP address
The router then examines the packet's destination IP address to determine where it should be sent. If the destination IP address is on your network, the router sends the packet directly to the device with that IP address. If the destination IP address is not on your network, the router sends the packet to the modem, which then sends the packet to the Internet.
Handles Multiple Devices
A router connects to a modem, which then provides an internet connection to the connected devices. When a device on your network sends data, such as a request for a webpage, the data is sent to the router, which then sends the data to the modem. The modem sends the data to the internet, and the requested web page is returned to the device.
Manages Internet Traffic
Routers manage internet traffic and direct data packets to the correct IP address. The router directs incoming and outgoing internet traffic on a network in the fastest and most efficient way, making sure that information is delivered quickly and correctly.
Determines Network
Large organisations and companies that operate in multiple locations will need separate LAN networks for each location, Each LAN network can then be connected to form a WAN network. A WAN network is distributed over a large area and it often necessitates multiple routers and switches.
Maximum Security Purpose
In addition to directing traffic between devices, a router also performs other important functions, such as providing security for your network. Routers often include features like firewalls and Network Address Translation (NAT), which help protect your network from unauthorised access.
Conclusion
To streamline internet connectivity, professionals, SOHO, and personal users must understand what a router is and how it works.
Understanding the basics of routers will keep users better informed, enabling optimisation of their network, fast and reliable network signal, and secure connections across all connected devices.
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